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Fracking is a process where water is injected into a well to break up rocks in order to extract oil or gas.
The process produces wastewater contaminated with a large amount of chemicals, including radioactive elements such as radium. The wastewater is treated to remove most contaminants.
However, researchers near a Pennsylvania wastewater treatment plant that recently closed found that even treated water can have dangerous effects on the environment, Environment+Energy Leader reports.
A research team from Penn State examined freshwater mussels growing near a wastewater treatment plant in western Pennsylvania.
The plant treated water from Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale for more than 20 years and closed in 2019, E+E Leader reports.
The researchers looked at the mussels as a yardstick for the overall health of the water.
Because mussels stay in one place for most of their adult life and can live 100 years or more for some varieties, these mussels were found from half a kilometer (about a third of a mile) to five kilometers (3.1 miles) from the plant.